Understanding Preeclampsia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Preeclampsia?

Preeclampsia is a serious condition that can develop during pregnancy. It usually appears after the 20th week. In most cases, preeclampsia causes high blood pressure and can affect organs like the liver and kidneys. Because it can harm both mother and baby, early detection is important. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), preeclampsia is a leading cause of pregnancy complications worldwide.

Common Symptoms of Preeclampsia

Sometimes, preeclampsia symptoms are mild. However, they can become severe quickly. For this reason, knowing the signs is important. Watch for these common symptoms of preeclampsia:

Swelling in the face, hands, or feet

Sudden weight gain

Severe headaches

Changes in vision, such as blurriness or seeing spots

Upper belly pain, often under the ribs

Nausea or vomiting

Less urine than usual

However, some women may not notice any symptoms. Therefore, regular check-ups are key during pregnancy.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact cause of preeclampsia. Still, several risk factors can increase your chances. For example, you may be at higher risk if:

This is your first pregnancy

You are carrying twins or more

You have high blood pressure, diabetes, or kidney disease

You are over 35 years old

You had preeclampsia in a past pregnancy

Your mother or sister had preeclampsia

Even so, preeclampsia can happen to anyone. Because of this, all pregnant women should be aware of the risks.

How Preeclampsia is Diagnosed

Doctors use several steps for preeclampsia diagnosis. First, they check your blood pressure at each visit. Next, they may test your urine for protein. High blood pressure and protein in urine are key signs. Sometimes, blood tests help check your liver and kidney function. In some cases, doctors may order an ultrasound to check the baby’s growth. Early diagnosis helps prevent serious problems for both mother and baby.

Treatment Options for Preeclampsia

Treatment for preeclampsia depends on how severe it is and how far along you are in pregnancy. In mild cases, doctors may suggest:

Resting more, often on your left side

Frequent blood pressure checks

Regular doctor visits

However, if preeclampsia is severe, you may need:

Medications to lower blood pressure

Medicines to prevent seizures

Hospital care for close monitoring

Early delivery if the baby or mother is at risk

Because preeclampsia can get worse quickly, following your doctor’s advice is very important.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

While you cannot always prevent preeclampsia, some steps may lower your risk. For example, you can:

Attend all prenatal visits

Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables

Limit salt and processed foods

Stay active with gentle exercise, if your doctor agrees

Manage health conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure

Take prenatal vitamins as recommended

Even so, some women may still develop preeclampsia. Therefore, regular check-ups remain the best way to catch problems early.

When to Seek Medical Help

If you notice any signs of preeclampsia, seek medical help right away. For example, call your doctor if you have:

Severe headaches that do not go away

Vision changes

Severe swelling or sudden weight gain

Severe belly pain

Shortness of breath

Quick action can protect both you and your baby. Never ignore symptoms, even if they seem mild.

Conclusion

Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy condition, but early care can make a big difference. If you notice symptoms of preeclampsia, consult a healthcare specialist for personalized advice.